同源四倍体紫菜薹的诱导鉴定及其营养品质比较

该研究以二倍体紫菜薹为材料,采用浓度为0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的秋水仙素溶液,在二倍体紫菜薹生长至子叶期时对植株茎尖生长点进行4次点滴处理,鉴定筛选同源四倍体紫菜薹并进行二倍体和四倍体紫菜薹的营养品质比较。结果表明:(1)使用浓度为0.2%秋水仙素溶液点滴4次对紫菜薹的处理效果最好,四倍体紫菜薹的诱导率为6.62%。(2)在形态学上,四倍体植株的叶片、花簇、花器官、角果和种子与二倍体相比都在巨大性上呈现出明显差异;在解剖学上,四倍体植株在气孔密度减小的同时气孔变大,其花粉表现出矩形、梯形以及其他一些不规则的形状;在细胞学上,四倍体和二倍体植株的染色体数目分别为40条和20条;流式细胞仪鉴定结果显示,四倍体植株的DNA分子荧光强度(2 092 385.03)约为二倍体植株(956 725.15)的2倍。(3)植株营养品质方面,四倍体紫菜薹的游离氨基酸、叶绿素总浓度分别比二倍体植株显著增加了228.58%、110.02%,但四倍体紫菜薹的硝态氮、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可溶性糖、纤维素总含量分别比二倍体植株显著减少了48.99%、43.20%、45.81%、44.50%、59.97%。(4)与二倍体植株相比,四倍体紫菜薹的单株质量、十叶厚、叶宽、叶柄宽都有不同程度的增加,叶片开展度有一定程度的降低。研究发现,秋水仙素诱导产生四倍体紫菜薹的最适浓度为0.2%;四倍体紫菜薹表现出明显的高产性,但多数营养品质极显著低于二倍体紫菜薹。     

油松毛虫的光周期反应:温度和营养对临界光周的影响

油松毛虫Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu的临界光周值,在适温区内随温度的下降而增加.不同季节和不同生长阶段的油松针叶,即营养质量不同的针叶,对油松毛虫幼虫的生长、发育和存活影响明显,从而影响着油松毛虫的光周期反应.这些结果,为油松毛虫的世代发生及种群动态的预测提供了一定的依据.     

人尿及汗液中几种化合物对黄脊竹蝗的引诱活性

黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu Tsai成虫对发酵人尿及汗液有明显的趋向行为。利用昆虫触角EAG反应和林间诱蝗试验对氯化钠、碳酸氢氨及乙醇3种主要的人尿、汗液化合物的诱蝗活性进行测定。结果表明:3种物质均能明显激发黄脊竹蝗雌、雄成虫的触角电位反应,激发活性的强弱次序为乙醇>碳酸氢氨>氯化钠。3种化合物对雌蝗触角的刺激作用强于雄蝗。在林间,氯化钠、碳酸氢氨及乙醇及其混合物对竹蝗的引诱效果不明显,化合物浓度及药剂种类是影响竹蝗引诱量的因子之一。     

中国竹蝗属一新种（直翅目：蝗总科）

作在整理采自江西省的蝗虫标本时．发现竹蝗属一新种,现报道如下。模式标本保存于山东大学生物系无脊椎动物标本室．     

毛竹三种主要病虫害生态空间分布规律的研究

应用生态空间分布的分析方法,研究了毛竹三种主要病虫害的空间分布规律。结果表明：黄脊竹蝗空间分布为随机分布,刚竹毒蛾、毛竹枯梢病为聚集分布。     

Loss of Genetic Diversity of Domesticated Panax notoginseng F H Chen as Evidenced by ITS Sequence and AFLP Polymorphism: A Comparative Study with P. stipuleanatus H T Tsai et K M Feng

In the present study, we evaluated the genetic diversity of Panax notoginseng F H Chen, a domesticated species, and P. stipuleanatus H T Tsai et K M Feng, an endangered wild species in southeastern Yunnan and adjacent areas in Vietnam, using sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Twenty-four accessions from three plantations of P. notoginseng and 51 samples from eight populations of P. stipuleanatus were assayed. A total of 694 bp of partial sequences of 18S, ITS 1, 5.8S, ITS2, and partial sequences of 26S were obtained. No sequence variation was detected within P. notoginseng and nine sites (1.30%) were variable in P. stipuleanatus. Two-thirds of the variable sites were found between Langqiao and other populations. In P. notoginseng, four pairs of AFLP primer combinations generated 312 bands, of which 240 (76.9%) were polymorphic and 60.15% of the polymorphisms were harbored within plantations. Approximately 41.0% and 66.9% of bands were polymorphic in population D7 and 5589, respectively. In P.stipuleanatus, the same four primer combinations produced 346 bands, of which 334 (96.5%) were polymorphic and approximately 62.14% of polymorphisms were maintained within populations. Considerable variations were observed. The percentage of polymorphic bands ranged from 50.2% to 84.9% and the average over populations was 70.9%. Cluster analysis did not show correlation of genetic differentiation with the distinctive leaf morphology of P. stipuleanatus (i.e. one form with bipinnatifid leaflets and the other with undivided leaflets). Because over 40% of genetic variations were maintained among populations and because of the very restricted distribution of P. stipuleanatus, all natural populations of this species should be conserved in situ. Considering that there are variations in P. notoginseng within and among plantations, we suggest establishing a genetic resource conservation garden or reintroducing P. notoginseng into its native habitats in southwestern China. Such reintroduction should be carefully executed after large-scale screening of genetic variation within the species.     

黄脊竹蝗触角感器的电镜扫描观察

黄脊竹蝗是中国南方地区重要的竹子害虫,为了更好地理解黄脊竹蝗"趋尿行为"的生理生化机制,通过电镜扫描技术研究了黄脊竹蝗成虫触角感器的类型、数量、形态及分布特征,比较分析了其在雌、雄成虫间的差异。结果表明:黄脊竹蝗雌、雄成虫触角丝状,由1节柄节、1节梗节和23节鞭节构成,雌雄间触角长度及直径差异不显著(P>0.05);雌、雄成虫触角感器均有毛形感器Ⅰ、毛形感器Ⅱ、刺形感器、锥形感器Ⅰ、锥形感器Ⅱ和腔锥形感器6种;其中,锥形感器数量最多,约占感器总数的53%,主要分布在鞭节的第8～21亚节上;各类感器在雌、雄成虫间触角上的分布特征相似,雄成虫触角上感器总数、锥形和腔锥形感器数量显著多于雌成虫(P<0.05)。     

青脊竹蝗产卵习性及卵块调查方法

青脊竹蝗成虫喜于毛竹林缘杂草、杂竹较多、土壤疏松的阳坡地带交尾.然后选择附近杂草稀少的空地产卵,于土壤表面留下产卵孔.运用这一典型特征,能迅速找到卵块,缩短虫情调查时间.在实际调查中应用,效果良好,值得推广.卵块的调查时间应选择在11月中下旬.平均每个产卵孔下方有卵30粒.     

福建省竹蝗灾区区划及其应用研究

根据区划理论,应用数学方法和计算机技术,将福建省竹蝗灾区区划为3个区和3个危险程度等级,并建立Ⅰ、Ⅱ级危险程度等级的发生面积预测预报数学模型。经检验,模型精度较高,拟合效果好,可在生产上推广应用。     

黄脊竹蝗种群肠道微生物的多样性分析

昆虫肠道微生物是昆虫与自然环境互作的直接反应者。为探究不同地区黄脊竹蝗Ceracris kiangsu Tsai肠道微生物多样性和性别及环境因子的关系，本研究利用Illumina NovaSeq测序平台对新入侵地区和国内常发地区的黄脊竹蝗肠道微生物进行16S rDNA基因测序和分析。结果表明，地理位置和性别对黄脊竹蝗肠道菌群均存在影响，其中地理位置影响最为显著，其次为性别因素。通过Beta多样性分析发现采自湖南省邵阳市新宁县和云南省普洱市江城县的黄脊竹蝗肠道微生物差异性最大，3个地区不同性别样品的肠道菌群只有属水平组成和丰富具有显著差异。其中，湖南省益阳市桃江县的雌、雄样品优势菌属分别为乳球菌属Lactococcus（9.0%）和肠杆菌属Enterobacter（5.9%），云南省普洱市江城县的雌、雄样品优势菌属均为肠杆菌属（27.9%、27.0%），湖南省邵阳市新宁县的雌、雄样品优势菌属分别为肠杆菌属（29.9%）和乳球菌（12.0%）。所选取的8个环境因素中蒸发量、相对湿度和平均气压可能会影响黄脊竹蝗的肠道菌群多样性。研究结果从共生微生物和环境因子角度解析了黄脊竹蝗的环境适应性，为研制地理溯源技术和开发微生物制剂提供了科学依据。